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How to make a message more polite
01
Start with an example
Choose Try an example above to fill the input, or write your own message.
02
Choose your context
Choose the recipient and tone, then select Rewrite politely. A generation uses a web attempt.
03
Review and copy
Check the facts and wording. Edit, refine or copy the result when it says what you mean.
Keep the decision clear
A polite rewrite should preserve the details and the choice you want to communicate.
Ask Manager Tanaka for a meeting
Your message
Manager Tanaka, could we discuss the proposal for 15 minutes next Tuesday or Thursday afternoon?
Your rewritten message
Manager Tanaka, could we please discuss the proposal for 15 minutes next Tuesday or Thursday afternoon?
Update a client
Your message
I will send the document tomorrow at 3 PM. The amount is 2,400 yen. The two extra pages need a separate quote.
Your rewritten message
I will send the document tomorrow at 3 PM. The amount is 2,400 yen. The two additional pages will require a separate quote.
The time, amount and separate quote remain clear.
Decline a request
Your message
I cannot do this today. I will check and let you know when I can.
Your rewritten message
I am unable to complete this today. I will check and let you know when I can.
The refusal stays clear without inventing a date.
Ask to reschedule
Your message
Can we move next week’s meeting to Wednesday at 2 PM? If not, the original time is fine.
Your rewritten message
Could we move next week’s meeting to Wednesday at 2 PM? If that is not possible, the original time is fine.
The request and the original option both remain.
Reply to a complaint
Your message
Sorry to keep you waiting. We will send the replacement tomorrow and cover shipping.
Your rewritten message
I am sorry to have kept you waiting. We will send the replacement tomorrow and cover the shipping cost.
The apology, dispatch date and shipping responsibility stay intact.
Choose the words for the situation
Is formality the same as honorific style?
Tone affects how a message feels. Japanese honorific style also depends on whose action is being described.
Who is speaking to whom?
When writing Japanese to someone outside your organization, the way you describe your own manager can differ from how you address a client. Add context about the people involved.
Can a polite refusal stay clear?
Yes. Keep what you cannot do explicit. A softer tone should not add an agreement or an unconfirmed date.
A guide to Japanese keigo
Japanese has distinct forms for the other person’s actions, your own actions and polite sentence endings. These categories are specific to Japanese.
Respectful
Humble
Polite
Respectful language
Use it for the actions of someone you wish to show respect to.
田中様は資料をご覧になりました。
Ms Tanaka looked at the document.
Humble language
Describe an action on your side in a way that shows respect to the other person.
お送りいただいた資料を拝見しました。
I looked at the document you sent.
Polite language
Use polite endings such as desu and masu when addressing the listener.
これから資料を見ます。
I will look at the document now.
The Agency for Cultural Affairs distinguishes five categories, including two kinds of humble language and beautifying expressions. The table groups the two humble forms for comparison. Agency for Cultural Affairs, Guidelines for Honorifics
Common Japanese verbs
Check who performs the action before choosing a form. The table keeps the Japanese expressions in their original writing.
Plain form
Respectful
Humble
Polite
見る
ご覧になる
拝見する
見ます
行く
いらっしゃる
伺う・参る
行きます
来る
お越しになる
伺う・参る
来ます
いる
いらっしゃる
おる
います
言う
おっしゃる
申し上げる・申す
言います
聞く
お聞きになる
伺う・拝聴する
聞きます
する
なさる
いたす
します
会う
お会いになる
お目にかかる
会います
もらう
お受け取りになる
いただく
もらいます
食べる・飲む
召し上がる
いただく
食べます・飲みます
読む
お読みになる
拝読する
読みます
送る
お送りになる
お送りする
送ります
持つ
お持ちになる
お持ちする
持ちます
待つ
お待ちになる
お待ちする
待ちます
伝える
お伝えになる
お伝えする
伝えます
知っている
ご存じだ
存じている・存じ上げている
知っています
受け取る
お受け取りになる
拝受する
受け取ります
確認する
ご確認になる
確認いたす
確認します
連絡する
ご連絡なさる
ご連絡する
連絡します
借りる
お借りになる
拝借する
借ります
Expressions to review
Check the situation as well as the grammar.
Expression
Possible revision
What to check
おっしゃられる
おっしゃる
Ossharu already expresses respect, so another respectful ending is unnecessary.
ご覧になられる
ご覧になる
Goran ni naru already expresses respect; avoid adding another respectful ending.
取引先に「拝見されましたか」
ご覧になりましたか
Use a respectful form for the other person’s action. Haiken describes an action on your side.
社外の相手に「弊社の部長がおっしゃいました」
弊社の部長が述べました
When speaking externally, avoid elevating someone from your own organization.
単なる送付の報告で「送付させていただきます」
お送りします
When permission or benefit is not involved, a simpler expression may fit.
初めて確認する内容に「よろしかったでしょうか」
よろしいでしょうか
Use the present form for a new question; a past form can fit when confirming an earlier agreement.
What the research says about Japanese keigo
Respect can help relationships
In the Agency for Cultural Affairs survey for fiscal 2024, 59.3% of respondents who considered keigo necessary selected smoother relationships as a reason. The survey had 3,498 valid responses.
Sekizawa and Yanaka studied Japanese honorific conversion conditioned on social relationships. Some sentence structures, including direct speech, remained difficult.
The complete ToneBird desktop replier can use available conversation context, relationship information and your saved writing preferences. Review the draft before inserting and sending it yourself.